6 drilling <br> <br> general use twist drilling, roughing belong, when drilling difficult chip removal, cutting heat is not easy to export the blade often caused annealing, the impact bit life and processing efficiency. The use of good cutting fluid can extend the life of the drill several times or more, and the productivity can be significantly improved. Extreme pressure emulsion or extreme pressure synthetic cutting fluid is generally used. Extreme pressure synthetic cutting fluid has low surface tension, good permeability and can cool the drill bit in time, which is very effective for prolonging tool life and improving machining efficiency. For difficult-to-cut materials such as rust-producing steels and heat-resistant alloys, low-pressure extreme pressure cutting oils can be used.
7 deep hole drill
Deep hole drilling (gun drilling) is a deep hole processing technology developed in recent years. Conventional deep hole machining (also deep to aperture ratio greater than 5) requires multiple processes such as drilling, boring, roughing, and grinding to produce holes with higher precision and lower surface roughness. The new process uses a special-purpose tool and a high-pressure cooling lubrication system that simplifies the above-mentioned multiple processes into one continuous pass to achieve a relatively high depth and low surface roughness hole machining. This process is highly efficient and has significant economic benefits.
The deep hole drilling cutting fluid with excellent performance is one of the key technologies of deep hole drilling. The deep hole drilling cutting fluid must have the following properties. Good cooling effect, eliminating heat generated by deformation and friction, and inhibiting the formation of chips. Good high temperature lubricity, reducing the friction and wear of the blade and the support, ensuring that the tool maintains a good lubrication state at high temperatures in the cutting zone. Good permeability and chip evacuation enable the cutting fluid to penetrate into the cutting edge in time and ensure the smooth discharge of the chips. Therefore, the deep hole drilling cutting fluid is required to have high extreme pressure and low viscosity. At present, the domestically produced 801 deep hole drilling cutting oil has good high temperature lubricity, cooling and chip removal, and has been widely used in imported and domestic deep hole drilling machine tools, and has good performance.
8 gear processing
When the hobbing and the gear are inserted, the cutting teeth are intermittently cut and have an impact force, so the teeth are easy to wear, especially when the feed amount is large and the high-speed cutting is performed, the wear of the cutter teeth is more serious, so the cutting fluid is required to have good lubricating performance. In the past, in the hobbing and gear shaping, 20 or 30 mechanical oil was generally used as the cutting oil. Since the mechanical oil does not contain additives, the processed gear surface roughness is poor and the tool durability is low. In recent years, many factories have added 15% of JQ-1 precision cutting lubricants to the original mechanical oil, so that the tooth surface roughness and precision of the machined gears meet the requirements of precision vehicles, and the tool durability is also significantly improved. This is because when JQ-1 is added to the mechanical oil, the friction coefficient is reduced by about 30%, and the load-bearing capacity is increased by more than 50%, which greatly reduces the frictional resistance during cutting, and the machining quality and tool durability are significantly improved. For the hobbing and pinning of high hardness materials, the cutting oil with chlorine additive and organic molybdenum additive has obvious effect.
For high-speed cutting machining, oil-based cutting fluid will produce large oil smoke, pollute the environment, and due to insufficient cooling, it will often cause burns on the surface of the workpiece, affecting the processing quality, and the tool wear will also be intensified. Strong extreme pressure water-based cutting fluid, such as water-based synthetic cutting fluid containing sulfur or phosphorus extreme pressure additive or high concentration extreme pressure emulsion, can overcome oil pollution during high-speed cutting, processing quality and tool wear are better than oil The base cutting fluid is good. However, for the original hobbing and gear shaping machines, measures must be taken to prevent water from entering the rotating part to avoid malfunction of the machine.
Gear machining with carbide tools has mostly used dry cutting in the past, with elevated workpiece temperatures and low tool life. Recently developed EC rolling hard-cutting cutting oil can be successfully used for hobbing processing, which reduces the temperature of the workpiece and improves the machining accuracy of the gear. The life of the tool can be extended by 80% to 100%.
Shaving processing requires high surface quality. In order to prevent the sticking knife, cutting oil containing active extreme pressure additive can be used, and fine chips are generated by shaving. In order to make the chips easy to be washed off, it is better to use low viscosity cutting oil. If the chip separation is not smooth, the quality of the processed surface will deteriorate.
9 grinding
Grinding results in high dimensional accuracy and low surface finish. When grinding, the grinding speed is high and the heat is high. The grinding temperature can be as high as 800~1000°C, or even higher. It is easy to cause surface burn on the workpiece and surface crack and workpiece deformation due to thermal stress. Shedding, and the grinding dust and grinding wheel powder are easy to splash, falling on the surface of the part and affecting the processing precision and surface roughness. When processing toughness and plastic material, the grinding debris is embedded in the gap of the working surface of the grinding wheel or the grinding metal and the processing metal are melted. When it is attached to the surface of the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel loses its grinding ability. Therefore, in order to reduce the grinding temperature, rinse off the grinding debris and the end of the grinding wheel, and improve the grinding ratio and the surface quality of the workpiece, it is necessary to adopt a good cooling performance and cleaning performance. Cutting fluid with certain lubricity and rust resistance.
Ordinary grinding: rust-proof emulsion or soda water and synthetic cutting fluid can be used. The simple formula is as follows.
2% rust preventive emulsion, 0.5% sodium nitrite, 0.2% sodium carbonate, 97.3% water;
0.8% sodium nitrite, 0.3% sodium carbonate, 0.5% glycerol, 98.6% water;
Directly use 3% to 4% of rust preventive emulsion or chemical synthesis solution.
For precision requirements and precision grinding, H-1 fine grinding fluid can be used to significantly improve workpiece machining accuracy and grinding efficiency, using concentrations from 4% to 5%.
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