The use of pesticides to control vegetable pests, germs, weeds and other harmful organisms is an important means of ensuring agricultural production. According to the characteristics of the control object, the nature and dosage form of the pesticide, and the type of vegetable and the application site, the corresponding application method can be used to enable the pesticide to reach the control site quickly, taking into account the safety of the applicator and the environmental pollution problem. Reasonable use.
1 Spray method: All dosage forms such as emulsifiable concentrate, water (liquid), wettable powder, soluble powder, suspending agent, etc., which are applied by spray device, need to be sprayed with water. According to the amount of liquid used, it can be divided into high capacity (40~100 liters/mu), constant (10~30 liters/mu), low capacity (1.5~10 liters/mu), ultra low capacity (60~150 cc/mu). ) and electrostatic spray (40 ~ 150 ml / acre). The oil agent is used directly for ultra low spray or electrostatic spray without water. The biggest advantage of the spray method is that the coverage is large, the surface of the crop is highly adherent, the effect can be fully exerted, and the use is convenient. It is often used to spray protective fungicides, contact insecticides and herbicides. When spraying, the wind should be below level 3 and the spray should be even and thoughtful. The temperature should not be too high, and the hot season is generally suitable in the morning and evening.
2 Powder spraying method: The powder can be directly sprayed and used frequently in dry areas and vegetable facility sheds (rooms). The advantage is that the labor saving is simple, and the disadvantage is that it is easy to drift and leaching, and the adhesion of the medicament on the surface of the crop is poor. The fineness of the powder and the environmental conditions of the application directly affect the efficacy. The particle size is in the range of 10 to 40 micrometers, and the disease and pest control are optimal. When the surface of the crop has dew, the adhesion of the agent is good. The wind in the field is greater than 1 meter per second, or it is easy to drift when the temperature is high at noon.
3 Application and application of granules: granule-type pesticides and toxic soils are commonly used as granules or applied directly by hand. The toxic soil is made by mixing pesticides with fine soil. It is often used for soil disinfection of vegetable seedbeds to prevent soil-borne diseases. Ditch application and acupoint application are often used for the control of crop root pests and root knot nematodes.
4 kinds of seedling treatment methods: seedling treatment mainly includes seed dressing method, soaking method, seed coating method and soaking method. It is used to control diseases of seedlings, underground pests and seedling pests. The seed dressing method has a dry method and a wet method, and the surface of the seed is coated with a layer of the agent after the treatment. Dry seed dressing can directly mix the powder with the seed, and the effect is better after mixing with the seed dresser. The seed has many fluff or spikes that are easy to bind too much powder, and it is not easy to mix well. The seeds with higher water content are not suitable. Seed dressing is done too early. Wet seed dressing is to first wet the seed (after adding a small amount of water or soaking seeds), then mix well with a certain concentration of the drug, after treatment, a layer of film is applied on the surface of the seed. Wet-mixed seeds should not be used for a long time because they absorb a certain amount of water. Soaking seeds soak the seeds in a certain concentration of liquid medicine, and take the seeds out and dry them regularly. Any pesticide dosage forms that can be used in water can be used for soaking seeds. The temperature during soaking is generally about 20 ° C, and the length of soaking time is inversely proportional to the concentration of the liquid and the temperature. After soaking seeds, the seeds are rinsed with water, dried and then sown. The seed coating method mixes the seed coating agent with the seed, and uses the polymer compound (film forming material) in the seed coating agent to coat the seed coating with a protective layer of the drug film, and the medicine effect can be as long as 45 to 60 days, and the seedling can be reduced. The number of medications. The seed coating method can also mix fertilizers and plant growth regulators, in addition to controlling pests and diseases, it can also increase nutrients and regulate growth. When the seedlings are transplanted, the roots are soaked in a certain concentration of the liquid medicine, and the seedlings are transplanted after a certain period of time to absorb the systemic medicine, thereby preventing disease, treating insects and protecting seedlings.
5 Irrigation method: a certain concentration of liquid medicine is directly poured into the root of the crop to control pests and diseases in the root zone of the crop. Generally, each plant is filled with 0.25 kg of liquid medicine.
6 Fumigation method: In a closed place (such as a plastic greenhouse, in a greenhouse), use the high volatility of the drug itself or the transpiration of smoke and smoke to form toxic mist or toxic fumes to prevent pests and diseases. Soil fumigation is a special use case of fumigation. After the volatile liquid is applied to the soil, the surface is covered with plastic film for fumigation, which can kill a variety of pathogens, soil pests and nematodes.
7 Poison bait method: This method is often used to control underground pests, snails and rodents. The mixture is treated with the bait and applied to the field in the evening to effectively control underground pests such as cockroaches, tigers and cockroaches.
8 Smear method: Apply a certain concentration of liquid medicine to the heart leaf, flower or fruit of the crop with a brush or other painting tools, which has the functions of maintaining flowers, protecting fruit and promoting early maturity. This method is mainly used on the solanaceous and melon vegetable crops and is a common method for applying plant growth regulators.
9 Inoculation or artificial immunization: the use of attenuated vaccines or chemical substances to induce immune resistance in crops and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating viral diseases is a promising method for the prevention and control of viral diseases. The virus vaccine can be carried out in the seedling stage (two leaves and one heart) by artificial sputum, foliar friction or mixed with a corundum spray inoculation method, and the seedbed temperature should be increased after inoculation to facilitate vaccine reproduction and expansion.
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