Abstract With the continuous innovation of science and technology and the continuous growth of scientific and technological achievements, the question that arises is how to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity and accelerate the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Recently, it was jointly sponsored by the Xinhua News Agency Economic Report and the People’s Political Consultative Conference Newspaper, and Tsinghua University students...
With the continuous innovation of science and technology and the continuous growth of scientific and technological achievements, the ensuing problem is how to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity and accelerate the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. A few days ago, the Xinhua News Agency Economic Information Daily and the People's Political Consultative Conference newspaper jointly sponsored the "Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Supporting the Entity Economic Development Seminar" supported by the Life Science Academy of Tsinghua University and the Longliqi Life Science and Technology Research Institute held in the National Political Consultative Conference Hall. The participating experts agreed that the enterprise is the ultimate implementer of the scientific research achievements, and played a key role in solving the dislocation of scientific research results and market demand. The state should vigorously support enterprises with scientific research capabilities to become the real innovation subject. R & D results of the conversion rate is relatively low <br> Li Yizhong, deputy director of the National Economic Committee of the CPPCC former Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Minister, pointed out that technological innovation, technological progress China has achieved remarkable success, but there are still many problems and gaps in urgent need Strengthen and improve. First, insufficient investment in research and development. In 2014, China's R&D investment accounted for 2.1% of GDP, compared with the average of 3% to 3.5% of advanced countries in Europe and America. The R&D investment of enterprises is even more insufficient. The R&D investment of China's large-scale enterprises accounts for 0.9% of sales revenue, while the developed countries generally average more than 2%. Second, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is not enough, and the contribution rate needs to be improved. China has mastered many core technologies and key technologies, but these core technologies and key technologies have an external dependence of 50%, especially for the development of high-end products, and 70% rely on external technologies. The internationally recognized technological dependence of an advanced country should be less than 30%, but 80% of China's important parts, basic components, and key new materials need to be imported. Third, the institutional mechanisms that encourage innovation and transformation are not smooth enough. Some scientific research results have not received much attention in China. They have to go abroad first and then come back. Some domestic patents are not protected, and the results cannot be converted into the market returns. These will hinder technological innovation.
According to relevant data, China has ranked first in the world for patent applications for four consecutive years, and the number of international scientific papers ranks second in the world for six consecutive years. However, these achievements can only truly contribute to economic development through industrialization. According to the National Statistical Office, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance jointly released the "2014 National Science and Technology Funding Statistics Bulletin" data show that in 2014 China's total investment in research and development funds was 130.56 billion yuan, an increase of 116.9 billion yuan over 2013, an increase of 9.9. % indicates that China has become the second largest country in science and technology investment after the United States. However, compared with other developed countries, the benefits of China's R&D investment have yet to be further improved. In 2013, the conversion rate of China's research and development results was only 10%, while that in developed countries was generally above 40%. In the transferable results database, there are 78,051 transferable projects in the past five years, and in the transferred results database, only 6840 projects have been converted in the past five years.
Key scientific and technological achievements into a "political research" synergy <br> Party School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Xie Liping, deputy secretary pointed out that currently, China's economy is facing major challenges depth transformation to consume a lot of energy, environmental damage and significant capital investment The extensive growth model maintained has come to an end. In the next 10 years, 20 years and even longer, innovation will be the main theme of the country's economic development. To achieve the core foundation of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, we need to open up the channels for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and solve the technology "Valley of Death". The problem.
Wang Xiangwei, a member of the party group and deputy director of the People's Political Consultative Conference newspaper, believes that the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is not only a scientific issue, but also an institutional issue; it is not only an economic issue, but also a social issue; it is not only a rule of law issue, but also a management issue, involving a wide range of issues. The situation is complicated and the task is arduous. In the new era of the Internet and the new normal of the economy, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the key link to implement the new driving development strategy and promote the close integration of science and technology with the real economy.
In fact, the booming new economy is stimulating more and more technological innovations, gestating the “first productivity†with infinite vitality, but the “first productivity†can only demonstrate its power if it is transformed into reality. Jia Kang, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former director of the Institute of Fiscal Science of the Ministry of Finance, believes that, first of all, the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements is essentially a strategic and comprehensive system engineering, which is of global and strategic significance. Under the new normal of the economy, we must focus on the two major elements of technological innovation, institutional innovation and supply to play a role in opening up space for reform. It is necessary to create a new impetus for the new normal of China's economy through the innovation and interaction of institutional innovation, management innovation and technological innovation, to hedge the downward pressure, and to meet the needs of the upgraded version of the people, in order to form a stamina for long-term development. Second, the focus of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the synergy of “government, industry, research and researchâ€, which effectively combines policy incentives and key research to improve the level of supply management. To effectively interface with the market, market mechanisms and policies, finance, fiscal and tax support, etc. form a system engineering optimization combination. Third, respect the law of scientific research and deepen the reform of the scientific and technological management system and the scientific research fund management system.
Li Yizhong believes that the risks of technological innovation are large, and it is necessary to establish a fault-tolerant mechanism and improve the evaluation methods and incentive mechanisms. Only the paper should be regarded as the sole evaluation standard. The results should be transformed into the most important evaluation and given to researchers and project teams. More autonomy. Only by combining production, study and research, improving and perfecting the system and mechanism, and grasping the scientific and technological research at the national, industrial and enterprise levels, can we promote the transformation and application of results. After the "production, learning, research" should pay more attention to "use", because the purpose of research and development is to "use", only "use" can enter the market, in order to industrialize scientific and technological innovation to do three levels of scientific research and results Conversion app. First, transform and solidify the new technologies and key technologies of the country's major science and technology projects, and form the basic technology, manufacturing technology, engineering design and production equipment of the industry enterprises, so that each major national science and technology project can drive the development of an industry and form Industry chain. Second, the company's common technical research, the industry joint research breakthrough public technology, this is China's traditional advantages, but in the market economy environment, due to various reasons weakened. The third is technological innovation at the enterprise level. The production technology problems must be solved by the enterprises themselves. In this respect, the enterprises have mature experience and have achieved remarkable results. Enterprises should take the initiative to connect with scientific research institutions to form technological transformation of enterprises, from the research and development, design, engineering, commissioning to the operation of the entire process of synergy, the formation of scientific and technological achievements industrialization, enhance the competitiveness of the real economy.
Enterprise is the key to solving <br> scientific research and market demand dislocation of Xinhua News Agency Economic Information Daily, party members, Chen Hongbo, general manager of that in recent years, scientific and technological achievements in environment and situation has undergone great changes, economic downward pressure just to the technology The results provided an opportunity for the complementary resources of scientific research institutions and enterprises to inject synergy into the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and accelerate the industrialization of high and new technology. Through the market demand and value orientation, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the level of industrial development are the main criteria for measurement, so that demand becomes technology, technology can be transformed, and transformation can be formed into industries, so that the industry becomes bigger and stronger, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is done very much. Good practice and path exploration.
Zhang Hu, deputy director of the Science and Technology Development Department of Tsinghua University, said that the company's sustainable development and market success lies in enterprise innovation, continuously increasing R&D investment, and striving for innovation to drive development. At the national level, we are constantly coordinating the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines. The key point is to closely integrate top-level universities and first-class disciplines with the promotion of economic and social development, and enhance the driving force for innovation resources in universities to promote social development. Tsinghua University continuously integrates the scientific and technological achievements of the school, establishes project offices with key areas, establishes school-enterprise cooperation funds, and establishes joint research and development institutions with local enterprises. However, in the process of transforming scientific and technological achievements, some problems are encountered. The most typical example is that the research and development results of universities or research institutes are too far-reaching, and enterprises cannot use them at present, and the actual technical problems encountered by domestic enterprises in the production process are precisely What universities or research institutes are not willing to do is worthy of further reflection and exploration.
Xu Zhiwei, head of the Longliqi Biotechnology Research Institute of the School of Life Sciences of Tsinghua University, believes that the "supply-side reform" of China is timely, especially on the proposition of how to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to support the development of the real economy, which has urgent practical significance. School-enterprise cooperation uses customized methods to transform scientific and technological achievements, and can effectively solve and change the current low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements. In the past ten years of cooperation between Tsinghua University and Jiangsu Longliqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements has reached 30%, which is close to the level of developed countries, and has accumulated an output value of 136 million yuan. Enterprises have fully enjoyed the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements. The bonus that comes. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend of technological innovation under the new normal to take market demand as the guide and enterprise as the main body to promote the industrialization of scientific research results.
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