Injury to crops occurs when excessive soil moisture causes damage. This typically happens in low-lying areas with heavy, poorly drained soils. When rainfall is prolonged or intense, surface and groundwater can accumulate beyond the soil’s capacity to drain, leading to waterlogging. High groundwater levels and poorly drained depressions are especially vulnerable, as they trap water and harm plant roots. Additionally, river flooding during the flood season or water runoff from sloped areas can also cause crop damage. In short, when there's too much water and poor drainage, crops suffer.
Once crops are affected by waterlogging, it's crucial to take immediate action to manage the field and reduce losses. Here are some effective measures:
First, remove excess water from the field. Depending on the topography and the extent of water accumulation, use drainage equipment or dig ditches to quickly drain standing water and prevent prolonged waterlogging, which can suffocate plant roots.
Second, reposition the plants that have been flooded or blown over. Waterlogged crops often have damaged roots and may fall over. After drainage, straighten them and clean off any mud or sludge from the leaves to help them resume photosynthesis and promote healthy growth.
Third, loosen the soil after drainage. Waterlogging can compact the soil, reducing air circulation and disrupting the balance of water, gas, and heat. Early plowing helps break up the compacted layers, improve aeration, and prevent root rot. It also helps to stabilize the plants and reduce the risk of lodging.
Fourth, apply quick-acting fertilizers. Flooding can wash away essential nutrients and weaken the roots' ability to absorb them. Applying foliar sprays like 0.5% to 1% urea solution, 2% to 3% calcium superphosphate leaching solution, or 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, along with products like Tianda 2116 or amino acid solutions, can help restore plant vitality. Once the plants start growing again, root fertilization should be done to further support recovery.
Fifth, monitor and control pests and diseases. After a flood, high humidity and warm temperatures create ideal conditions for pests and diseases to thrive. Weak plants are more susceptible, so regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential to prevent outbreaks.
Lastly, consider replanting if necessary. In fields where crops have been severely damaged, it's important to act quickly and plant fast-growing vegetables or short-cycle crops like mung beans or red beans to recover losses. For areas where replanting is difficult, once the water has drained, focus on preparing the land, conserving moisture, and laying the groundwork for future planting seasons.
By taking these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of waterlogging and protect their harvests.
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