Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor based on Hall effect, which is widely used in industrial automation technology, detection technology and information processing. The Hall effect is the basic method for studying the properties of semiconductor materials. The Hall coefficient measured by the Hall effect experiment can determine important parameters such as conductivity type, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility of the semiconductor material.
Hall sensors are classified into linear Hall sensors and switch Hall sensors.
1. The linear Hall sensor consists of a Hall element, a linear amplifier, and an emitter follower, which outputs an analog quantity.
2. The switching Hall sensor consists of a voltage regulator, a Hall element, a differential amplifier, a Schmitt trigger and an output stage, which outputs a digital quantity.
The Hall voltage changes with the change of the magnetic field strength. The stronger the magnetic field, the higher the voltage, the weaker the magnetic field and the lower the voltage. The Hall voltage is small, usually only a few millivolts, but is amplified by an amplifier in the integrated circuit to amplify the voltage enough to output a stronger signal. If the Hall IC is used for sensing, a mechanical method is needed to change the magnetic field strength. The method shown in the figure below uses a rotating impeller as a switch to control the magnetic flux. When the impeller blades are in the air gap between the magnet and the Hall IC, the magnetic field deviates from the integrated piece and the Hall voltage disappears. Thus, the change of the output voltage of the Hall integrated circuit can indicate a certain position of the impeller drive shaft. With this working principle, the Hall IC can be used as the ignition timing sensor. The Hall effect sensor is a passive sensor that requires an external power supply to operate. This feature allows it to detect low speed operation.
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