The cultivation of greenhouse vegetables allows us to eat fresh off-season vegetables, but the appearance of gray mold greatly affects the yield of greenhouse vegetables. How can we control the gray mold of greenhouse vegetables? This article will introduce how to use fungicides. To prevent greenhouse vegetable gray mold.
The gray mold of shed vegetables not only has a wide surface, but also has a high incidence, and the loss is large. After tomato, cucumber and eggplant are infected with gray mold, the plants are tender and the leaves are withered and died. The melons are moldy, rotten and shedding, and the quality is reduced. The losses are serious. Some of the fields were forced to be removed and replanted when the size of the tomato green walnuts or the cucumber melons was 1-2 cm, and the economic losses were heavy.
The vegetables in the greenhouse are generally colonized around mid-November. At the end of November, the gray mold of tomato and cucumber seedlings begins to develop. The first incidence peak of gray mold is formed from December to January, and the second peak is the leap year. From mid-to-late to 3-4 months (flowering period), it mainly harms young fruits and young melons, often causing young fruits and young melons to soften, shrink, rot and have a dense gray mold on the surface. When the young fruit and the young melon are attached to the stem, the stem is rotted. Outbreaks occur 7-10 days after onset. Therefore, the flowering period of Solanaceae vegetables is not only the peak period of disease incidence, but also the key period of chemical protection.
The main cause of the outbreak of gray mold
The climatic conditions are appropriate. Because most of the sheds are covered by double membranes, the humidity in the shed is high, the relative humidity of the air during the day can reach 80%, and the nighttime can reach 90%. The high humidity of more than 75% in the shed for a long time is the main reason for the prevalence of gray mold in the Solanaceae. At the same time, the temperature difference between day and night in the shed is large, especially the longer the low temperature time, the heavier the onset. The temperature directly affects the wind release intensity of the greenhouse. When the temperature is low, in order to ensure the temperature inside the shed, the ventilation time is often not ventilated or shortened, so that the humidity in the shed is too high, and sometimes the relative humidity reaches 100%, which aggravates the occurrence of diseases such as gray mold. development of.
The type of medication is unreasonable. Most vegetable growers are unfamiliar with the symptoms, pathogenesis, control agents and application techniques of gray mold of cucumber, eggplant and tomato. They are mistaken for downy mildew and the drugs used are metalaxyl and ethyl aluminum phosphate. , anti-virus cockroaches, mancozeb, agricultural streptomycin, etc., because the selected pesticides are unreasonable, despite the use of multiple drugs, the disease prevention effect is very poor, or even invalid, wasting the pharmacy and manpower.
When the medication is inappropriate. Phytophthora gray mold is a disease that is easy to occur under high-humidity conditions, and once the disease occurs, it spreads rapidly and spreads in a short period of time. If the control is too late, the damage caused is serious.
Gray mold prevention and control measures
Improve cultivation techniques and strengthen field management. After the vegetable seedlings are planted, double ridge mulching and under-film drip irrigation technology are used to reduce the humidity in the shed; when the temperature is 25°C-30°C around noon, the ventilation is reduced and the temperature is lowered, and the carbon dioxide is increased to make the temperature drop to 20°C-25. °C, the humidity dropped to 70%. When the young fruit (melon) is 1-2 cm long, the young fruit such as tomato and cucumber, the residual medicine flap on the young melon and the stigma are removed, and the disease is effectively prevented.
Choose the right medicine, and control it at an appropriate time.
Prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases can only ensure the effectiveness of disease prevention if the disease is diagnosed correctly. At the same time, it is necessary to use the medicine at the appropriate time when using the medicine, and the best time for controlling the diseases such as the gray mold of the Solanaceae vegetables is the early stage of the disease, that is, the fruit period. There are four types of fungicides commonly used to control gray mold: benzimidazoles, such as carbendazim, thiabides, methyl thiophanate, etc.; methyl amides and other organic heterocyclic fungicides, such as procymidone, Isocarbazide, etc.; carbamate and its compounding agents, such as carbendazim, thiobacillus, carbendazim, etc.; antibiotic bactericides, such as polymycin, antimycotics 120, wuyimycin, Trik and so on.
Improve the application of pesticide technology to improve the quality of prevention and treatment. The gray moldy disease of the Solanaceae family in the shed is a high-humidity disease. In order to effectively control the occurrence and development of the disease, it is very important to reduce the humidity in the shed. In addition to the ventilation and dehumidification of the shed, it is best to use the fumigant to prevent and control the shed. Use spray methods as little as possible. If you want to choose a spray, it is best to use a low-volume spray, that is, a spray nozzle of 0.7-1.0 mm is selected instead of the conventional 1.3 mm spray nozzle. The spray of the liquid is fine, the adhesion is strong, and the liquid in contact with the plant is large. The control effect is good, and the water consumption is 30-40 kg. At the same time, the control of gray mold in the Solanaceae vegetables should be used 3-4 times in the flowering period, once every 7 days. Also choose different medicinal varieties, alternate rotation, to ensure the control effect, delay the emergence of disease resistance.
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