The main characteristic of the video surveillance system in the security industry is that the amount of image information is huge, and it requires a sufficient storage space. Unlike other systems, video surveillance systems generally have many features such as multiple monitoring points, large video data streams, long storage time, and uninterrupted operation of 7×24 hours.
The development of video surveillance is closely linked to the development of video surveillance itself. Video surveillance has gone through three stages: analog, digital, and network. The applications stored in the video surveillance area have also gone through three phases: analog, digital, and network. With the increasing popularity of high-definition technology, the application of high-definition monitoring puts forward new requirements for monitoring storage products and technologies.
The main forms stored in the video surveillance storage include DVR, NVR, and IP SAN. However, if it is divided according to the transmission protocol, it can be divided into three types: file transfer protocol, data block transfer protocol, and streaming media protocol. With the increase of customer demand and the trend of technology development, storage applications in the security industry have also derived multiple models.
Typical storage application mode DVR storage in the security industry
After video surveillance enters the digital era, the most typical storage application is a digital video recorder (DVR), which uses an internal hard disk for image storage. DVR storage once occupied more than 90% of the video surveillance storage share. The advantages are that the price is cheap, the technology is mature, and the use is convenient. The remote controller and the keyboard can be used to operate and achieve plug and play.
With the expansion of the monitoring scale, the extended storage mode has emerged in the DVR mode, mainly adopting eSATA, USB, and other storage protocol extensions, and is suitable for small and medium-sized deployments. Monitoring video data is achieved through RAID (independent redundant disk array) technology. Got a certain guarantee on it. However, this mode is generally directly connected, cannot be shared and has low scalability, and is still not suitable for large-scale data storage.
With the popularity of networking, DVRs have evolved into small NVRs and hybrid DVRs that can support analog and IP cameras. However, due to its poor reliability and sharing, DVR is limited by the capacity and performance, and the number of connected cameras is limited. Therefore, DVRs are only widely used in small-scale and distributed systems for local and stand-alone storage.
IPSAN/NAS network storage
After video surveillance enters the age of networking, network storage plays an increasingly important role. In medium-sized video surveillance projects, with the increase in the number of monitoring front-ends, especially the large-scale use of high-definition video front-ends, the scale of storage capacity has increased dramatically, and the number of storage devices has rapidly increased.
Centralized management and control through the central service platform, network video servers and IP cameras as front-ends, and IP SAN/NAS networked back-end networked video surveillance systems have been widely deployed.
The network camera or video encoder encodes and compresses the collected video and uploads it to the center platform video server (there is a sub-center platform when the scale is large). The video server processes the video packet and sends it to the IPSAN/NAS for storage. When a client or a video wall accesses a playback-related recording resource, all video streams are forwarded through the video server via the process of storing->video server->client or video wall.
Compared with the previous DVR storage, IPSAN/NAS storage has many advantages: large capacity, high performance, and more cameras; using RAID technology and redundant design, high reliability; unified space management, convenient sharing; strong scalability , Easy to upgrade, flexible deployment.
Due to reasonable architecture, flexible expansion, and clear hierarchy, network video surveillance systems based on IP SAN/NAS have become the main form of current video surveillance systems. They are widely used in large-scale access and large-capacity centralized storage of front-end devices such as safe cities. In the environment.
NVR storage
In IP SAN/NAS storage, video storage, forwarding, and playback must go through the video server. The video server will become a bottleneck for performance and stability. Moreover, IP SAN/NAS is a universal standard network storage and it is difficult to meet security users' customization. Demand
The X86-based IP SAN/NAS has its own unique open system design that enables a new application model called NVR storage. For example, UIT's application storage SV1000 series can embed video monitoring platform management software into SV1000 storage. , to become an integrated application storage platform.
Based on IPSAN-based NVR storage, a mature storage hardware platform and a secure and stable storage management system are used to effectively ensure the security and reliability of system operation; RAID technology and component redundancy are used to ensure high availability and rapidity of the system. The data recovery thus ensures the security of the data; it can be compatible with various types of front-end video access through various technical means.
In this way, the monitoring platform server can be eliminated, the video server and the storage device can be integrated, and the customer can be provided with a cost-effective solution, the deployment is more flexible and convenient, and it can be matched with the rich software functions to meet the requirements. Diversified needs.
NVR streaming media storage
IPSAN/NAS network storage is widely used in video surveillance because of its high cost-effectiveness. However, it also has some disadvantages. For example, video servers have performance bottlenecks and single point of failure risks; circular overwrite methods cause a lot of file fragmentation, resulting in reduced storage performance. Sudden loss of power when the file system is easily damaged resulting in data loss.
In order to improve and solve these problems, a streamlined media storage system has been created. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of IPSAN/NAS network storage applications. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of NVR storage application technologies. The ONVIF standard also promotes the integration of different brands of network video equipment to ensure product interoperability. Streaming media storage architecture based on NVR is becoming more and more popular.
In this storage architecture, the network camera or video encoder encodes and compresses the collected video and then directly transmits the video stream to the storage device. When a client or a video wall accesses a playback-related recording resource, the video information is also transmitted directly from the storage device to the client or the video wall. During video write and playback, the code stream is not forwarded by the platform. In the middle, the platform is mainly responsible for the interaction of signaling and the management and control of services.
The advantage of the NVR streaming media storage architecture is that the code stream does not need to go through the video server from the front end to the storage device or from the storage device to the client/television wall, and the streaming media processing is directly performed in the storage device, which is equivalent to local storage. reliability. From the collection, transmission, storage, and playback throughout the streaming media, there is an advantage in performance, stability, and efficiency over traditional storage modes.
Security Industry Development Trends New Requirements for Storage
With the rapid development of security monitoring, people are not satisfied with seeing, but the pursuit of seeing, the higher requirements for the quality of surveillance images to promote the accelerated process of high-speed; not satisfied with seeing, but the pursuit of understanding, This requirement for monitoring the improvement of efficiency has prompted the intelligentization to move into the field of use, thus transforming the original manual and post-event monitoring systems into proactive, real-time monitoring and analysis systems.
The high-definition and intelligent video surveillance requires storage technology to make more improvements in terms of capacity, performance, application, and applicability: High-definition monitoring requires greater transmission bandwidth, higher capacity requirements, and storage products must have higher capacity and performance Storage technology needs to be more closely integrated with monitoring applications and can be designed for specific applications.
Historically, security has not been considered to bring high investment returns, but a cost. Especially in China, video data is an important evidence for subsequent verification. In banking, judicial, and safe cities, video images are stored for 1-3 months or even six months. With the advent of high-definition surveillance, clearer images mean more storage capacity, more equipment, more room, higher cooling costs, and more expensive operation and maintenance costs.
So in addition to exploring how to apply monitoring to achieve more value, we should focus more on how to reduce the total cost of ownership of video surveillance systems. The new needs of security monitoring for storage can be simply summarized as five high.
High-capacity: The increase in storage capacity due to high-definition storage requires stable and reliable mass storage:
a) Improve the capacity of a single system: cascade multiple JBODs through SAS expansion, support 3TB, 4TB hard disks, and enhance RAID robustness;
b) Use a clustered storage system: enhance the elastic expansion capability of the storage system to compensate for the lack of reliability of the single-machine system;
High performance: High-definition monitoring requires high total storage bandwidth, and storage performance should be optimized based on monitoring characteristics:
a) Performance optimization: high-definition large stream high concurrent data stream, IO performance optimization and NAS performance optimization in different modes (read write, write/edge write, RAID rebuild);
b) Application integration: application processing capabilities embedded in NVR software, and rational allocation of system resources;
Energy efficiency: behind the deployment of mass storage is a lot of energy consumption, high cost of use, monitoring equipment should be low-power design:
a) In the era of DVR, surveillance vendors reduce power consumption and extend lifespan through hard disk rotations, while network storage can use MAID to achieve energy savings, but MAID is more suitable for backup archive environments;
b) Considering that the monitoring application is 7*24 uninterrupted, selecting a high conversion efficiency power supply (80Plus power supply or DC power supply) is more valuable and can reduce energy consumption without affecting the application;
High density: Monitoring the most basic need for storage is to reduce the cost per TB and the cost per slot:
a) After the high-definition monitoring and popularization, the original 3U16 tray equipment has a limited storage capacity, and high-bay storage can support more cameras;
b) High-density storage above 4U24 disk space can effectively reduce the cost per slot, increase the storage capacity of a single station, and save rack space;
Highly applicable: Storage must be designed to monitor actual needs and solve customer pain points in order to survive:
a) Excessive file fragmentation results in degraded performance, fragile file system after power failure, streaming media write-through, and highly efficient index structure;
b) Improve the convenience and compatibility of NVR embedded applications, support Windows/Linux software, provide APIs for interfacing with external monitoring subsystems, achieve high-efficiency analysis, and quickly locate large amounts of data;
Take UIT's SV1000G2 as an example. The product design spans five high-end products. It uses end-to-end SAS6Gb technology, Intel's latest SandyBridge platform to improve performance, 4U24/4U36's high-density design, support for 3TB hard disks, and improved single-system operation. Storage capacity, lower cost per slot; 80Plus power supply with conversion efficiency as high as 90% can save more power and reduce system operating costs; and can be more closely integrated with the monitoring system through architecture optimization.
Cloud Storage Technology Features and Benefits
The security industry has been maintaining rapid growth. In particular, Safe City has provided tremendous opportunities in the past six years. However, the scope of Safe City is very limited (only for the police to provide video security), after the construction of the safe city, the government’s Public spending will be slowed down, and the pulling effect on security will be reduced. What is the future of security?
Looking into the future, the advancement of smart cities will provide people with networked convenience and services. Security will become an issue that people are increasingly concerned about, and security will also become part of the solution. Security will go into the family and into life. Security is no longer an independent industry but part of a complete service.
In the future, IoT products will be more widely used and have a broader market prospect. The core of the application of the Internet of Things in public security is intelligence, which realizes pre-awareness and accurate positioning. The Internet of Things will have a huge impact on security and will further promote the Internet security industry. Security will become an important part of the development of the Internet of Things.
With the advancement of security technologies, the development trend of security, Internet, and operations will have a major impact on the industry structure and business model of the entire security industry. In the future, new security applications and operating models will continue to emerge. Security cloud, video hosting services and other new models emerged. This will also encourage cloud computing and cloud storage to land in the security industry.
Cloud storage is developed based on the concept of cloud computing. It refers to the clustered applications, grid technologies, or distributed file systems. It integrates different types of storage devices in the network at the application level to work collaboratively and provide external data storage. And business access systems. Cloud storage technology breaks through the performance bottlenecks and capacity bottlenecks of traditional storage methods, and has extremely high scalability and low startup costs.
With the development of network technology and the increase of bandwidth, cloud storage has a bright future in video surveillance because:
Storage management can be automated and intelligent, all storage resources are integrated, customers see a single storage space, storage efficiency is improved, storage space is wasted through virtualization technology, and data can be automatically redistributed. The utilization of storage space, at the same time with load balancing, fault redundancy;
Cloud storage can achieve scale effect and elastic expansion, reduce operating costs, and avoid resource waste;
Limited by the characteristics of security video surveillance's own business, there may be differences between monitoring cloud storage and existing Internet cloud computing models. For example, security users prefer video information stored locally, government video surveillance applications are sensitive, video information privacy issues, and video Monitor the problem of high network bandwidth consumption and other issues.
Monitoring cloud storage applications will take advantage of the development of video surveillance hosting services (VSaas) to provide customers with private cloud services for smaller deployments such as homes and shops.
Provides security cloud services: The enterprise provides independent customization, cloud service providers or the cloud to provide the required infrastructure, services, hardware and software resources.
The data center model will be introduced and gradually become the mainstream form of the security industry. However, the security data center and the data center of the Internet are different. It may be a combination of centralized distribution, and may be a mode of physical dispersion and logical concentration.
The future video surveillance storage model will have two trends: one is a small-scale video surveillance system, mainly based on NVR storage; another large-scale video surveillance system will be based on cloud storage.
The development of video surveillance is closely linked to the development of video surveillance itself. Video surveillance has gone through three stages: analog, digital, and network. The applications stored in the video surveillance area have also gone through three phases: analog, digital, and network. With the increasing popularity of high-definition technology, the application of high-definition monitoring puts forward new requirements for monitoring storage products and technologies.
The main forms stored in the video surveillance storage include DVR, NVR, and IP SAN. However, if it is divided according to the transmission protocol, it can be divided into three types: file transfer protocol, data block transfer protocol, and streaming media protocol. With the increase of customer demand and the trend of technology development, storage applications in the security industry have also derived multiple models.
Typical storage application mode DVR storage in the security industry
After video surveillance enters the digital era, the most typical storage application is a digital video recorder (DVR), which uses an internal hard disk for image storage. DVR storage once occupied more than 90% of the video surveillance storage share. The advantages are that the price is cheap, the technology is mature, and the use is convenient. The remote controller and the keyboard can be used to operate and achieve plug and play.
With the expansion of the monitoring scale, the extended storage mode has emerged in the DVR mode, mainly adopting eSATA, USB, and other storage protocol extensions, and is suitable for small and medium-sized deployments. Monitoring video data is achieved through RAID (independent redundant disk array) technology. Got a certain guarantee on it. However, this mode is generally directly connected, cannot be shared and has low scalability, and is still not suitable for large-scale data storage.
With the popularity of networking, DVRs have evolved into small NVRs and hybrid DVRs that can support analog and IP cameras. However, due to its poor reliability and sharing, DVR is limited by the capacity and performance, and the number of connected cameras is limited. Therefore, DVRs are only widely used in small-scale and distributed systems for local and stand-alone storage.
IPSAN/NAS network storage
After video surveillance enters the age of networking, network storage plays an increasingly important role. In medium-sized video surveillance projects, with the increase in the number of monitoring front-ends, especially the large-scale use of high-definition video front-ends, the scale of storage capacity has increased dramatically, and the number of storage devices has rapidly increased.
Centralized management and control through the central service platform, network video servers and IP cameras as front-ends, and IP SAN/NAS networked back-end networked video surveillance systems have been widely deployed.
The network camera or video encoder encodes and compresses the collected video and uploads it to the center platform video server (there is a sub-center platform when the scale is large). The video server processes the video packet and sends it to the IPSAN/NAS for storage. When a client or a video wall accesses a playback-related recording resource, all video streams are forwarded through the video server via the process of storing->video server->client or video wall.
Compared with the previous DVR storage, IPSAN/NAS storage has many advantages: large capacity, high performance, and more cameras; using RAID technology and redundant design, high reliability; unified space management, convenient sharing; strong scalability , Easy to upgrade, flexible deployment.
Due to reasonable architecture, flexible expansion, and clear hierarchy, network video surveillance systems based on IP SAN/NAS have become the main form of current video surveillance systems. They are widely used in large-scale access and large-capacity centralized storage of front-end devices such as safe cities. In the environment.
NVR storage
In IP SAN/NAS storage, video storage, forwarding, and playback must go through the video server. The video server will become a bottleneck for performance and stability. Moreover, IP SAN/NAS is a universal standard network storage and it is difficult to meet security users' customization. Demand
The X86-based IP SAN/NAS has its own unique open system design that enables a new application model called NVR storage. For example, UIT's application storage SV1000 series can embed video monitoring platform management software into SV1000 storage. , to become an integrated application storage platform.
Based on IPSAN-based NVR storage, a mature storage hardware platform and a secure and stable storage management system are used to effectively ensure the security and reliability of system operation; RAID technology and component redundancy are used to ensure high availability and rapidity of the system. The data recovery thus ensures the security of the data; it can be compatible with various types of front-end video access through various technical means.
In this way, the monitoring platform server can be eliminated, the video server and the storage device can be integrated, and the customer can be provided with a cost-effective solution, the deployment is more flexible and convenient, and it can be matched with the rich software functions to meet the requirements. Diversified needs.
NVR streaming media storage
IPSAN/NAS network storage is widely used in video surveillance because of its high cost-effectiveness. However, it also has some disadvantages. For example, video servers have performance bottlenecks and single point of failure risks; circular overwrite methods cause a lot of file fragmentation, resulting in reduced storage performance. Sudden loss of power when the file system is easily damaged resulting in data loss.
In order to improve and solve these problems, a streamlined media storage system has been created. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of IPSAN/NAS network storage applications. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of NVR storage application technologies. The ONVIF standard also promotes the integration of different brands of network video equipment to ensure product interoperability. Streaming media storage architecture based on NVR is becoming more and more popular.
In this storage architecture, the network camera or video encoder encodes and compresses the collected video and then directly transmits the video stream to the storage device. When a client or a video wall accesses a playback-related recording resource, the video information is also transmitted directly from the storage device to the client or the video wall. During video write and playback, the code stream is not forwarded by the platform. In the middle, the platform is mainly responsible for the interaction of signaling and the management and control of services.
The advantage of the NVR streaming media storage architecture is that the code stream does not need to go through the video server from the front end to the storage device or from the storage device to the client/television wall, and the streaming media processing is directly performed in the storage device, which is equivalent to local storage. reliability. From the collection, transmission, storage, and playback throughout the streaming media, there is an advantage in performance, stability, and efficiency over traditional storage modes.
Security Industry Development Trends New Requirements for Storage
With the rapid development of security monitoring, people are not satisfied with seeing, but the pursuit of seeing, the higher requirements for the quality of surveillance images to promote the accelerated process of high-speed; not satisfied with seeing, but the pursuit of understanding, This requirement for monitoring the improvement of efficiency has prompted the intelligentization to move into the field of use, thus transforming the original manual and post-event monitoring systems into proactive, real-time monitoring and analysis systems.
The high-definition and intelligent video surveillance requires storage technology to make more improvements in terms of capacity, performance, application, and applicability: High-definition monitoring requires greater transmission bandwidth, higher capacity requirements, and storage products must have higher capacity and performance Storage technology needs to be more closely integrated with monitoring applications and can be designed for specific applications.
Historically, security has not been considered to bring high investment returns, but a cost. Especially in China, video data is an important evidence for subsequent verification. In banking, judicial, and safe cities, video images are stored for 1-3 months or even six months. With the advent of high-definition surveillance, clearer images mean more storage capacity, more equipment, more room, higher cooling costs, and more expensive operation and maintenance costs.
So in addition to exploring how to apply monitoring to achieve more value, we should focus more on how to reduce the total cost of ownership of video surveillance systems. The new needs of security monitoring for storage can be simply summarized as five high.
High-capacity: The increase in storage capacity due to high-definition storage requires stable and reliable mass storage:
a) Improve the capacity of a single system: cascade multiple JBODs through SAS expansion, support 3TB, 4TB hard disks, and enhance RAID robustness;
b) Use a clustered storage system: enhance the elastic expansion capability of the storage system to compensate for the lack of reliability of the single-machine system;
High performance: High-definition monitoring requires high total storage bandwidth, and storage performance should be optimized based on monitoring characteristics:
a) Performance optimization: high-definition large stream high concurrent data stream, IO performance optimization and NAS performance optimization in different modes (read write, write/edge write, RAID rebuild);
b) Application integration: application processing capabilities embedded in NVR software, and rational allocation of system resources;
Energy efficiency: behind the deployment of mass storage is a lot of energy consumption, high cost of use, monitoring equipment should be low-power design:
a) In the era of DVR, surveillance vendors reduce power consumption and extend lifespan through hard disk rotations, while network storage can use MAID to achieve energy savings, but MAID is more suitable for backup archive environments;
b) Considering that the monitoring application is 7*24 uninterrupted, selecting a high conversion efficiency power supply (80Plus power supply or DC power supply) is more valuable and can reduce energy consumption without affecting the application;
High density: Monitoring the most basic need for storage is to reduce the cost per TB and the cost per slot:
a) After the high-definition monitoring and popularization, the original 3U16 tray equipment has a limited storage capacity, and high-bay storage can support more cameras;
b) High-density storage above 4U24 disk space can effectively reduce the cost per slot, increase the storage capacity of a single station, and save rack space;
Highly applicable: Storage must be designed to monitor actual needs and solve customer pain points in order to survive:
a) Excessive file fragmentation results in degraded performance, fragile file system after power failure, streaming media write-through, and highly efficient index structure;
b) Improve the convenience and compatibility of NVR embedded applications, support Windows/Linux software, provide APIs for interfacing with external monitoring subsystems, achieve high-efficiency analysis, and quickly locate large amounts of data;
Take UIT's SV1000G2 as an example. The product design spans five high-end products. It uses end-to-end SAS6Gb technology, Intel's latest SandyBridge platform to improve performance, 4U24/4U36's high-density design, support for 3TB hard disks, and improved single-system operation. Storage capacity, lower cost per slot; 80Plus power supply with conversion efficiency as high as 90% can save more power and reduce system operating costs; and can be more closely integrated with the monitoring system through architecture optimization.
Cloud Storage Technology Features and Benefits
The security industry has been maintaining rapid growth. In particular, Safe City has provided tremendous opportunities in the past six years. However, the scope of Safe City is very limited (only for the police to provide video security), after the construction of the safe city, the government’s Public spending will be slowed down, and the pulling effect on security will be reduced. What is the future of security?
Looking into the future, the advancement of smart cities will provide people with networked convenience and services. Security will become an issue that people are increasingly concerned about, and security will also become part of the solution. Security will go into the family and into life. Security is no longer an independent industry but part of a complete service.
In the future, IoT products will be more widely used and have a broader market prospect. The core of the application of the Internet of Things in public security is intelligence, which realizes pre-awareness and accurate positioning. The Internet of Things will have a huge impact on security and will further promote the Internet security industry. Security will become an important part of the development of the Internet of Things.
With the advancement of security technologies, the development trend of security, Internet, and operations will have a major impact on the industry structure and business model of the entire security industry. In the future, new security applications and operating models will continue to emerge. Security cloud, video hosting services and other new models emerged. This will also encourage cloud computing and cloud storage to land in the security industry.
Cloud storage is developed based on the concept of cloud computing. It refers to the clustered applications, grid technologies, or distributed file systems. It integrates different types of storage devices in the network at the application level to work collaboratively and provide external data storage. And business access systems. Cloud storage technology breaks through the performance bottlenecks and capacity bottlenecks of traditional storage methods, and has extremely high scalability and low startup costs.
With the development of network technology and the increase of bandwidth, cloud storage has a bright future in video surveillance because:
Storage management can be automated and intelligent, all storage resources are integrated, customers see a single storage space, storage efficiency is improved, storage space is wasted through virtualization technology, and data can be automatically redistributed. The utilization of storage space, at the same time with load balancing, fault redundancy;
Cloud storage can achieve scale effect and elastic expansion, reduce operating costs, and avoid resource waste;
Limited by the characteristics of security video surveillance's own business, there may be differences between monitoring cloud storage and existing Internet cloud computing models. For example, security users prefer video information stored locally, government video surveillance applications are sensitive, video information privacy issues, and video Monitor the problem of high network bandwidth consumption and other issues.
Monitoring cloud storage applications will take advantage of the development of video surveillance hosting services (VSaas) to provide customers with private cloud services for smaller deployments such as homes and shops.
Provides security cloud services: The enterprise provides independent customization, cloud service providers or the cloud to provide the required infrastructure, services, hardware and software resources.
The data center model will be introduced and gradually become the mainstream form of the security industry. However, the security data center and the data center of the Internet are different. It may be a combination of centralized distribution, and may be a mode of physical dispersion and logical concentration.
The future video surveillance storage model will have two trends: one is a small-scale video surveillance system, mainly based on NVR storage; another large-scale video surveillance system will be based on cloud storage.
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