As a major source of pollution, straw burning has long been a persistent challenge in China, regarded as one of the most complex and difficult issues for governments at all levels. In recent years, with growing environmental awareness, there has been an urgent need across society to develop and utilize crop straw comprehensively through technological innovation.
At a recent seminar on "Twelfth Five-Year" Circular Agriculture Development and Crop Straw Comprehensive Utilization Policy, sponsored by the Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy under the State Council's Development Research Center, two new technologies in straw processing captured the attention of experts. These innovations represent promising steps toward solving the long-standing issue of straw waste.
China is one of the world’s largest grain producers. In 2012 alone, the country harvested nearly 590 million tons of grain, generating over 700 million tons of crop straw. Despite efforts to manage this massive volume, many rural areas still burn straw, which accounts for approximately 30% of total reserves. This practice causes severe air pollution. Although the government has established “incineration offices†and implemented strict controls, the problem persists. Meanwhile, straw holds great potential as a valuable resource, making its comprehensive utilization a key topic for governments, businesses, and researchers alike.
In developed countries, various innovative applications of straw have emerged through scientific progress. Beyond traditional methods like using it as organic fertilizer, straw is now being used for animal feed, biogas production, ethanol fuel, construction materials, and even power generation.
China has also made significant strides in exploring these possibilities. For instance, some regions are producing formaldehyde-free straw boards, widely used in high-end furniture, packaging, and building materials. Farmers are encouraged to expand livestock breeding, turning straw into animal feed. Additionally, straw gasification technology is being promoted for rural biogas projects, and other creative uses continue to emerge.
Among these, straw papermaking has the highest utilization rate, but traditional methods often cause serious pollution. At the seminar, a new technology called "stalked machine pulp" developed by Beijing Wuxing Tengda New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. was highlighted as a breakthrough. The process uses atmospheric pressure low-temperature dissociation and compound machine segmentation decomposition. It ensures the molecular structure of straw remains intact without damaging it or producing wastewater. The system operates in internal circulation, eliminating the need for sewage treatment and achieving "zero emissions." The straw is processed in three stages—crushing, dusting, twisting, mixing, and reacting—resulting in a slurry yield of up to 85%, far exceeding the current industry standard of 40%. The remaining 15% is recycled after treatment, further enhancing efficiency.
Ningbo Kaijie Biotechnology Co., Ltd. showcased its success in straw gasification and cogeneration. Using self-developed catalytic cracking gasification technology, their equipment serves two main purposes: providing clean energy to rural communities and supporting combined heat and power systems.
Experts at the meeting emphasized that the development of a straw recycling economy relies heavily on policy support, leadership from enterprises, and continuous technological innovation. Therefore, relevant government departments should increase support for straw utilization, especially in financing and R&D, while evaluating and adjusting programs, technologies, and projects to better align with the needs of the next three years following the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
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