The history of paint dates back to the Stone Age, when early humans used natural materials like oils, tree sap, and pigments to create basic coatings for decoration. Archaeological findings suggest that 7,000 years ago, people painted using feathers and branches, marking the beginning of a long tradition in art and protection. As civilizations advanced, so did their techniques. During the Bronze Age, different cultures began experimenting with natural substances to develop more effective coatings. In ancient China, during the Shang Dynasty, they used lacquer from wild trees to decorate palaces and temples. By the Spring and Autumn Period, they had mastered tanning and tung oil treatments, while the Warring States period saw the development of mixed lacquer and tung oil coatings, along with the use of additives to enhance performance. This innovation marked a significant step forward in coating technology. The lacquer films found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha are a testament to the sophistication of Chinese lacquer work around 200 BC. The term "paint" itself originated from the widespread use of these natural materials, and it has remained in use until today.
In the 20th century, breakthroughs in polymer science revolutionized the paint industry. The development of synthetic resins, such as alkyd resins in the 1920s, allowed for the creation of high-performance coatings. These new materials quickly became the foundation for modern paints, leading to the era of synthetic film-forming agents. By the 1980s, global paint production had surpassed 20 million tons annually, with developed countries consuming over 10 kg per person each year. Today, the coatings industry is a vital part of the global chemical sector, continuously evolving with new technologies and sustainable solutions.
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