The use of paint dates back to the Stone Age, when early humans began experimenting with natural materials to create protective and decorative finishes. Archaeological findings show that around 7,000 years ago, people used oils, tree sap, and pigments to make basic coatings. They painted with feathers and sticks, using these simple tools to decorate their surroundings. As societies evolved, so did their techniques. During the Bronze Age, ancient civilizations made progress in developing coatings from natural sources. In China, during the Shang Dynasty, people harvested natural lacquer from trees to coat buildings and temples. By the Spring and Autumn Period, they had mastered tanning and applied tung oil for protection. In the Warring States period, they combined lacquer and tung oil to create more advanced coatings, introducing additives to improve performance. This innovation marked a significant step forward in coating technology. The lacquer films found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha are still tough and effective, showing how advanced Chinese lacquer technology was by the second century BC. The term "paint" itself originated from the use of these natural substances like tung oil and lacquer, and it has been used ever since.
In the 20th century, breakthroughs in polymer science led to major developments in the paint industry. Synthetic resins were developed and quickly adopted, transforming the way coatings were made. In the 1920s, alkyd resins were introduced as a new type of film-forming material, paving the way for modern coatings. Since then, various synthetic polymers have been widely used, marking the beginning of the synthetic resin era. By the 1980s, global paint production had surpassed 20 million tons annually, with developed countries consuming over 10 kilograms per person each year. Today, the paint and coatings industry is a vital part of the global chemical sector, continuously evolving with new technologies and environmental considerations.
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