Electrodialysis engineering typically involves a series of well-structured steps tailored to different applications, ensuring high-quality water production. Below is a detailed description of the typical process flows for various industries:
1. **Brackish Water Desalination and Groundwater Defluoridation**:
The process begins with raw water, which may contain high levels of salt or fluoride. It first passes through a 101 filter to remove large particulates, followed by a precision filter to eliminate smaller impurities. The water then enters an electrodialysis unit, where ions are separated using an electric field. After that, it goes through a hollow fiber ultrafilter to remove bacteria and other microorganisms, followed by a UV sterilizer to ensure microbial safety. The final product is clean, potable water suitable for drinking or industrial use.
2. **Production of Pure Drinking Water and Space Water**:
For producing high-purity drinking water, the process starts with mechanical filters to remove suspended solids, followed by activated carbon filters to adsorb organic compounds and chlorine. A precision filter further refines the water before it undergoes electrodialysis. Subsequent steps include cation exchange, anion exchange, and hybrid ion exchange to remove all dissolved ions. The water is then filtered through a hollow fiber ultrafilter, treated with ultraviolet light, and finally disinfected with ozone to ensure complete microbial elimination without leaving any chemical residue.
3. **Pharmaceutical Injection Preparation**:
In pharmaceutical applications, the process is more stringent to meet regulatory standards. Raw water is first treated with an activated carbon filter to remove organics and chlorine, then passed through a precision filter. It is then processed through an electrodialysis system, followed by cation, anion, and mixed ion exchangers to achieve ultra-pure water. The water is then distilled in a multi-effect distiller to produce injection-grade water, which is essential for preparing large infusions and sterile solutions.
4. **Water Treatment for Fertilizer and Machinery Industries**:
This process focuses on removing ions and gases from raw water used in industrial settings. It starts with a mechanical filter and a precision filter to remove particulates. The water is then sent through an electrodialysis unit, followed by a cation exchanger to remove positively charged ions. A degassing tower is used to remove dissolved gases like COâ‚‚, after which the water passes through an anion exchanger. The final product is purified water, and it is recommended to use ozone for disinfection, as it leaves no residual chemicals behind, making it ideal for industrial applications.
Each process is designed to meet specific quality requirements, ensuring that the final water meets the necessary standards for its intended use. Whether for drinking, pharmaceuticals, or industrial purposes, electrodialysis plays a crucial role in achieving consistent and reliable water purification.
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