Before pouring the concrete, apply a thin layer of butter on the top thread of the anchor bolt. Wrap it with plastic or soft materials and cover it with a cement bag to prevent contamination or damage. While pouring the concrete, ensure that the concrete rises evenly on both sides, controlling the pouring speed. When the base of the bolt is being poured, make sure the concrete is vibrated thoroughly and then spread around the anchor. The area outside the anchor plate should be slightly higher, and the anchor plate must be carefully inserted into the concrete. Press the bottom of the anchor plate until concrete slurry appears around its edges. It's crucial to avoid any contact between the vibrator and the bolt body during this process.
Once the foundation pit is inspected and approved, set up a theodolite to accurately monitor the elevation. Before introducing the elevation to the formwork, ensure precise control of the pouring height. When the concrete reaches 150 mm below the anchor bolt’s bottom, fully vibrate the base surface and pause the pouring. Fix the bolt assembly and pour the upper part of the concrete to secure the steel bars. Accurately measure the bottom height of the anchor bolt inside the formwork and align it with the six vertical ribs along the basic axis. Use the hoop and vertical rib to separate the upper and lower layers in the horizontal direction. Utilize the external pre-44-Ningxia mechanical outer axes or the gantry plate pull line to check the bolt positions continuously. If displacement occurs, adjust the No. 8 galvanized wire using a winch or use a raft and wooden wedge to maintain correct positioning of the bolt group.
When the concrete strength reaches 50% or more, cut the No. 8 wire from the upper plate of the bolt assembly, gently lift it out, and reuse it. Due to proper preparation and correct construction methods, the application has proven effective. In total, 120 anchor bolts were used for each independent foundation of the Shapotou zip line. The spacing between each bolt group was maintained at 10 mm, and the elevation was controlled using the NINGXIAJIXIE technology. All design requirements were met successfully. This method has been applied in the foundation construction of the Shahu cableway (64), Shapotou cableway (52), and Shaanxi Guanshan zip line (140), all achieving satisfactory results and accumulating valuable construction experience.
Before pouring the foundation concrete, it is essential to complete all preparatory work to minimize the time required for fixing the bolts. Aim to finish the upper pouring before the initial setting of the bottom concrete to avoid construction joints. This ensures the foundation remains intact, which is critical since the zip line primarily withstands significant horizontal forces. Leaving construction joints could compromise the shear resistance of the foundation.
In water treatment research, scaling formation is mainly analyzed through crystallization, deposition, baking, corrosion, and polymerization, as well as microbial activity. In practice, crystallization and deposition are the primary concerns. There may be only one type of salt present, but often multiple salts coexist. Due to the inverse temperature-dissolving phenomenon of certain salts, such as 'M-expansion' salts, and the presence of corrosive byproducts, the scale tends to form two layers: an inner layer of iron oxide and an outer layer of calcium and magnesium salts.
Our company uses cooling water from an independent circulation system. The return water flows through trenches and covered plates. During the drawing process, powders, phosphating slag, and oil impurities can easily enter the water through the gaps in the cover plates. This severely degrades the water quality, accelerating scale formation. These scales have complex components, high strength, and strong adhesion, making them difficult to remove compared to regular scale. Data shows that a 0.01 mm increase in scale thickness on the reel's inner wall reduces heat dissipation by approximately 5%. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the cause of problem 1 is scale buildup.
The mechanism behind the circumferential deposition of water tumors at the inner and outer reel outlets is similar. It is believed that the reason the outer and inner reels correspond to the working surface is due to the pressure and volume of water in the working area. When the cylinder operates, the two surfaces move toward each other, allowing minor scale buildup to be removed by this movement and pressure. However, at the water outlet and in the circumferential direction, this movement and pressure are not sufficient, leading to thicker scale buildup, which affects the disassembly of the barrel.
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Steam or hot water can be injected into the pump body or pump cover to keep the working chamber constant temperature. Prevent the material solidifying resulting in damage to the seal when starting up.
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