According to a report by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s “Technical Review†magazine, the traditional solar cells are stiff, clumsy and inefficient, and they have become a popular “stumbling blockâ€. Now, American scientists have used only a thin layer of plastic to concentrate sunlight on a solar cell made of gallium arsenide, which has doubled the energy efficiency of solar cells. This method not only reduces the use cost of solar cells, but also obtains flexible solar cells that can be used in many fields.
Scientists have previously demonstrated that the above methods can be applied to monolithic solar cells, but they plan to make larger pieces of plastic sheets dotted with tiny arrays of solar cells. When the sun shines on the plastic sheet, it is absorbed by the dye on the sheet that specifically absorbs sunlight. Since this is a luminescent dye, it will absorb the absorbed light, but most of the released light is confined to the inside of the plastic sheet. Therefore, the sunlight will bounce around inside the plastic until it reaches the inside of the solar cell. . In view of the fact that this dye can only absorb part of the sunlight, in order to increase energy output, scientists have added a reflective material to the plastic sheet, which can introduce sunlight that the dye cannot absorb into the solar cell.
The research leader John Rogers, professor of materials science and engineering and chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, said: "The newest approach can either allow smaller solar panels to provide more electricity or reduce the amount of photovoltaic material needed. Solar panels are cheaper. At present, we must achieve the same efficiency by completely coating active solar cells on the surface. Compared with this, the cost of the new method is lower."
The research team has previously developed an innovative method that can produce flexible and extensible solar cells that can adapt to irregular surfaces. The latest research methods are compatible with this technology. The low-cost, energy-efficient flexible solar cells obtained by combining these two methods are expected to find new uses. For example, it can be used to power soldier's armor; a bendable battery can also be mounted on the wings of a small drone, charging the on-board battery to increase its flight time; this technology can even be used to give tablets and other Portable electronic devices charge.
The ability of the new dye plastic film to gather sunlight has only increased by a factor of 10, and Semprius, founded by the Rogers team, has used another method to increase the ability to collect sunlight by 100 times. This is really a “little surpriseâ€. But the latter requires a very large concentrator and a tracking system to keep the battery always facing the sun. This system may provide low-cost solar power for the grid, but it is not practical for solar helmets or laptops. In contrast, dye-coated plastic is slim and lightweight, absorbing sunlight from different angles, eliminating the need for a tracking system. (Liu Xia)
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