Additives are substances added in small quantities to compounded feed for specific purposes beyond the basic nutritional content. These non-nutritive additives play a crucial role in improving animal performance, health, and feed quality. They are typically combined with carriers or diluents to form premixes before being incorporated into the diet.
The selection of additives should be tailored according to the growth stage of the geese, their production goals, the composition of the feed, feeding methods, and environmental conditions. Proper use of these additives can enhance growth rates, improve feed conversion, support immunity, and prevent diseases.
Growth and health-promoting additives include antibiotics, antimicrobials, and deworming agents. These substances stimulate growth, increase weight gain, and improve overall health. Common examples are oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, bacitracin zinc, polymyxin, enramycin, tylosin, and virginiamycin. Synthetic antibacterial agents like sulfonamides (e.g., sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine) and dewormers such as monensin and salinomycin are also widely used. However, it is important to rotate these drugs regularly to avoid the development of drug resistance.
Feed quality improvement additives help maintain the stability and safety of the feed. Antioxidants like ethoxyquin, BHA, and BHT prevent fat oxidation and preserve vitamin activity. They are usually added at 150 grams per ton of feed. In hot and humid seasons, mold inhibitors such as propionic acid and its salts are essential to prevent spoilage, which can reduce feed palatability and cause toxicity in animals.
Other types of additives include flavor enhancers and colorants. Flavoring agents like saccharin, monosodium glutamate, and citric acid can improve feed intake and nutrient absorption. Colorants such as lutein and carotene are used to enhance the appearance of goose meat and eggs, making them more attractive in the market. These are typically added at 10–20 grams per ton of feed.
By carefully selecting and using these additives, farmers can optimize feed efficiency, improve animal health, and ultimately achieve better productivity and profitability in goose farming.
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