Glass is known for its hardness and brittleness, along with excellent transparency and heat resistance. On the other hand, steel is incredibly durable but lacks the transparency of glass. People began to imagine a material that combined the hardness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance of glass with the strength and durability of steel. Such a material would have immense practical applications.
After extensive research and experimentation, scientists were able to create just such a composite material. This material, fiberglass, is now considered a worthy competitor to steel in many respects.
To test its performance, a unique experiment was conducted in a valley surrounded by mountains and trees. From a bunker located 200 meters away, observers watched as an oxygen cylinder made of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) underwent inflation testing. As the air compressor pumped air through the alloy steel pipes into the cylinder, the pressure gauge's needle began to climb steadily. It rose from 100 kg/cm² to 200, then 400, and finally reached 500, before exploding loudly at 700 kg/cm². Cheers erupted from the observers as they realized their efforts had paid off—this material could handle pressures far beyond standard requirements.
Oxygen cylinders are designed to operate under pressures of 150 kg/cm². For safety purposes, they must endure three times this pressure, or 450 kg/cm², without failing. The FRP oxygen cylinder tested here far exceeded these expectations, proving itself exceptionally robust.
Next came a durability test. Another FRP oxygen cylinder was inflated to 150 kg/cm² and then rolled down a mountain into the valley below. Remarkably, despite colliding with rocks and enduring significant impacts, the cylinder remained intact, passing the quality check with flying colors.
Ordinarily, the tensile strength of glass is only about one-eighth that of regular steel. However, when glass is melted and drawn into fibers thinner than a strand of human hair, it transforms into something entirely different—a flexible yet highly tensile material capable of being strengthened by over tenfold compared to its original form.
Everyone knows that cement blocks are compression-resistant while steel excels in tension. By combining these two materials—using steel as the skeleton and cement as the "muscle"—engineers created reinforced concrete, which is both strong and resilient.
In a similar vein, FRP is constructed using glass fibers as the backbone and synthetic resins like phenolic plastic, epoxy resin, and polyester resin as the binding agent. This combination results in a material whose tensile strength rivals that of steel. FRP has since become widely used across various industries due to its versatility and durability.
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