The glass is known for its hardness and brittleness, along with excellent transparency and heat resistance. It’s also highly resistant to corrosion, making it a key component in structures like FRP cooling towers. On the other hand, steel is incredibly durable but lacks the brittleness of glass while still maintaining impressive heat resistance. This led people to wonder—what if there was a material that combined the hardness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance of glass with the toughness of steel? Such a material would surely have countless practical applications.
Through extensive research and experimentation, scientists eventually developed just such a composite material. Known as fiberglass, it rivals steel in strength and durability.
To see how well this material performs, consider a test conducted in a valley surrounded by mountains and trees. From a bunker located 200 meters away, observers watched as an oxygen cylinder made of FRP was being inflated in the center of the valley. The air compressor hummed rhythmically as it sent compressed air through an alloy steel pipe into the cylinder. The pressure gauge's needle sent everyone's hearts racing as the pressure climbed steadily—first to 100 kg/cm², then 200, 400, 500, and finally reached 700 kg/cm² before the cylinder exploded with a deafening boom. Cheers erupted among the crowd as they shouted, “Success!â€
An oxygen cylinder must be able to handle a working pressure of 150 kg/cm² to be considered safe. For added safety, it needs to endure triple that pressure, or 450 kg/cm², without failing. The FRP oxygen cylinder tested here far surpassed this requirement. So, what is this material made of? It’s a combination of glass and plastic, better known as FRP.
Glass itself is a hard and brittle material. If you drop it, it shatters. But could this same glass-based FRP withstand a fall? A new test was set up to find out.
Another FRP oxygen cylinder was inflated to 150 kg/cm² and then rolled down a mountain into the valley below. Surprisingly, after tumbling over rocks and debris throughout its descent, the cylinder remained intact. The FRP oxygen cylinder had passed yet another quality test.
Typically, the tensile strength of glass is only about one-eighth that of regular steel. However, when glass is melted and drawn into fibers as thin as a fraction of a human hair, its properties change dramatically. These glass fibers, which were once rigid and brittle, now exhibit remarkable flexibility and tensile strength, increasing their strength by several times.
Everyone knows that cement blocks are pressure-resistant, while steel excels in tension-resistance. Combining these two materials—using steel as the "bones" and cement as the "muscles"—creates a structure that is both strong and resilient: reinforced concrete.
Similarly, by using glass fibers as the "bones" and synthetic resins (such as phenolic plastic, epoxy resin, and polyester resin) as the "muscles," a material with tensile strength comparable to steel can be created. This material is called FRP, short for Fiber-Reinforced Plastic.
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