In the process of applying **pesticides**, farmers not only face issues with their effectiveness, but also fear **phytotoxicity**—a condition where the pesticide harms the crop itself. Understanding which pesticides can cause damage is crucial to preventing economic losses. Below is an analysis of the phytotoxic effects of commonly used pesticides on various crops, intended for your reference and guidance in safe application.
**Mancozeb**
This compound is sensitive to tobacco, cucurbits, and certain pears. Small pear fruits are prone to fruit spots, while high concentrations may cause leaf edge necrosis in rice. It should be used cautiously on edamame, lychee, and grapefruit.
**Chlorothalonil**
High concentrations can cause phytotoxicity on pears, persimmons, peaches, and plums. Apple trees should avoid it within 20 days after flowering.
**Carbendazim**
It can be mixed with most **fungicides**, but should not be combined with copper-based products. Use it only when necessary.
**Thymidine (Rice Additive)**
It has mild phytotoxicity on soybeans and alfalfa, so caution is needed when using it near these crops.
**Oxycarboxin (Garinong)**
Young leaves of apples, grapes, soybeans, and alfalfa are sensitive. Slight curling and brown spots may occur. Apply it after 4 PM to reduce risk.
**Bordeaux Mixture**
Copper-sensitive crops like potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, melons, peaches, plums, pears, apples, persimmons, cabbages, soybeans, wheat, and lettuce are at high risk. Peach, plum, apricot, and Chinese pear trees are particularly vulnerable. Avoid use during rainy periods. Pears and apples are sensitive to copper ions, so lime should be adjusted accordingly. Grapevines are sensitive to lime, so lower lime concentrations are safer. Bordeaux mixture should be avoided after hawthorn or apple blossom periods, as it can increase fruit rust. Use it later in the growing season if possible.
**Sulfur**
Sensitive crops include cucumbers, soybeans, potatoes, plums, and pears.
**Lime Sulfur Mixture**
Peaches, plums, pears, grapes, beans, potatoes, tomatoes, onions, ginger, melons, and cucumbers are all sensitive. Young grape, peach, and pear plants are especially at risk. It's best to apply this during the dormant season, avoiding the growing or flowering period. It can also cause mild phytotoxicity on kiwi, grapes, cucumbers, and legume flowers.
**Resin Mixture**
Deciduous fruit trees are highly sensitive. Do not use during the summer growing season. Persimmons are also vulnerable. Citrus is safe in autumn and winter, but not in spring and summer. If used, it should be applied in the early morning or late evening.
**Pine Oil Mixture**
Also highly sensitive to deciduous fruit trees; avoid during summer growth. Not suitable for citrus in spring and summer.
**Benomyl (Moldenergy)**
Pears are sensitive and may show leaf browning. Use with caution.
**Dichloran**
Avoid mixing with strong acids. At 100 times dilution, it may cause slight phytotoxicity to wheat. Use carefully.
**Fenitrothion (Rice Fungicide)**
Sensitive to certain peach, grape, fig, and apple varieties. May cause phytotoxicity.
**Sodium Pentachlorophenate**
Mainly used in orchard clearing. Avoid use after plant sprouting due to potential toxicity.
**2,4-D Butyl Ester & Dichlorprop**
All fruit trees are sensitive to these herbicides.
**Glyphosate**
A non-selective **herbicide** that kills all vegetation. Fruit trees are highly sensitive. Spraying under apricot trees can cause phytotoxicity, so it should be avoided.
**Benomyl (Thiabendazole)**
Kiwifruit is sensitive. Can be mixed with many pesticides, including alkaline agents, but not with copper preparations like polysulfide suspension. High concentrations during hot weather may cause citrus sunburn.
**Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin-M)**
Peaches, plums, and tea are more sensitive, especially peaches. Use with caution.
**Ziram**
May cause minor phytotoxicity on cucumbers.
**Fluoxastrobin**
Some pear varieties, especially Dangshan Pear, are very sensitive during the early fruit stage (before May). Avoid use during this period.
**Oxadixyl**
Not suitable for cabbage, mustard, cucumber, or tomato seedlings.
**Propiconazole**
Can reduce seedling survival and cause rigidity in young plants. Inhibits growth and may burn young fruits. Best used in mid-to-late crop stages. Sensitive crops include melons, grapes, strawberries, and tobacco.
**Arsenic Preparations**
Certain stone fruit, citrus, and pear varieties are not suitable. Fumei arsenic is only safe during dormancy and should not be used during the growing season.
**Triadimefon**
Not suitable for cabbage, beans, mustard, cucumber, or tomato seedlings.
**Copper Fungicides**
Cause phytotoxicity on peaches and plums.
**Copper Hydroxide**
Sensitive to peaches, plums, pears, apples, and persimmons.
**Cuprous Oxide**
Fruit trees are vulnerable during flowering and early fruit development.
By understanding the phytotoxic risks associated with each pesticide, farmers can make informed decisions to protect their crops and minimize losses. Always follow label instructions and consider environmental conditions before application. This information, provided by China’s pesticide network, aims to help users better manage the risks of common pesticides during improper handling.
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