Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 .
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Fire Protection Standardization Technical Committee Fire and Rescue Subcommittee (SAC/TC 113/SC 10) .
This standard was drafted: Ministry of Public Security Shanghai Fire Research Institute.
The main drafters: Weihan Dong, Shi Wei, Wu Lizhi, Wang Zhian, Zhu Qing, Lin Xue, Gao Ning Yu, Chen Yongsheng, Miao country code, Guohui, Jianglian Rui, Zhao Yihui, bare Deng, Zhang Lei, Cao Yongqiang.
This standard is the first release.
introduction
China's "Fire Law" stipulates that public security fire brigade and full-time fire brigade shall undertake major disaster accidents and other emergency rescue work based on the salvaging of personnel's lives in accordance with national regulations. According to the relevant regulations of the State Council, the public security fire brigade mainly undertakes rescue missions such as earthquakes and other natural disasters, construction accidents, road traffic accidents, air crashes and other production safety accidents, terrorist attacks, and people's distress and other social security incidents, and at the same time assist relevant professional teams to do a good job flood and drought disasters, meteorological disasters, geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, biological disasters, mining accidents, hazardous chemical accidents, water accidents, environmental pollution, nuclear and radiation accidents, public health emergencies and other rescue missions.
The national standards for the fire emergency rescue series are mainly for rescue tasks such as natural disasters, production safety accidents, and social security incidents that the public security fire brigade and full-time fire brigade undertake, and the actual hazardous chemical accidents that are currently assumed by public security fire brigades and full-time fire brigades. The purpose of the emergency rescue mission is to clarify the objects of fire emergency rescue , standardize fire emergency rescue equipment , training facilities construction, technical training, operation procedures and personnel qualifications. Wait.
The content specified in this standard is the operational procedure requirements for fire emergency rescue, which is mainly based on the type of fire emergency rescue technology proposed in GB/T 291766 ( General Requirements for Fire Emergency Rescue).
Fire emergency rescue operation procedures
1 range
This standard specifies the terms and definitions of fire emergency rescue operations, as well as operating procedures and operating procedures.
This standard is applicable to the fire emergency rescue operations of public security fire brigade and full-time fire brigade. Other fire brigades and emergency rescue teams may refer to the implementation.
2 normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this document. For undated references, the latest version ( including all amendments ) applies to this document.
GB/T 5907 fire basic term first part
GB/T 29176 General Rules for Fire Emergency Rescue
3 Terms and Definitions
The definitions and terms defined in GB/T 5907, GB/T 29176 and the following apply to this document.
3.1
Basic procedure
A series of steps in the process of fire emergency rescue operations from the dispatch of the alarm to the evacuation of the clearing house.
3.2
Operation Procedure
The normative procedures established for specific fire emergency rescue technologies.
3.3
Anchor point
Components used in rope rescue systems to withstand actual or potential loads.
3.4
Anchor system
A system consisting of one or more anchor points provides a structural connection to the rope rescue system components.
3.5
Edge protection
A method or method used in a rope rescue system to protect soft parts from sharp objects or rough edges.
4 operating procedures
4.1 Basic procedures
The basic procedures for fire emergency rescue operations include : reconnaissance and detection, alert evacuation, security protection, personnel search and rescue, danger elimination, and site cleaning.
4.2 Reconnaissance detection
By all means, to grasp the characteristics of disasters, the size, the degree of risk, determine the level of danger in different regions; pinpoint the location of persons in distress, the number of rescue evacuation routes; pinpoint the location of valuable materials and equipment, quantity; understanding disasters Roads, water sources, structures ( structures ) , electricity, communications, weather, etc.
4.3 Alert Evacuation
Based on the results of the investigation, scientifically and reasonably set up the warning area, adopt safety measures such as prohibiting fire, power cuts, and prohibiting the entry of non-rescue personnel, and evacuation of non-relief personnel in the accident area. Set up on-site safety staff to observe and monitor the danger signs that may occur in the hazardous areas and parts of the site.
4.4 Security Protection
According to the actual danger of the site, personal protective equipment should be worn in grades .
4.5 Person search and rescue
Through reconnaissance and detection methods, the number and location of persons in distress are determined, and personnel are rescued by methods such as air supply, demolition, lifting, support, traction, and lifting.
4.6 Exclusion of dangerous situations
Analyze and evaluate the on-site risk factors, determine the rescue action plan, and organize forces to eliminate the presence or potential dangers on the site.
4.7 site cleaning
Check the clean-up scene, transfer to the scene, count the number of people, sort out the equipment, and safely evacuate.
5 Operating Procedures
5.1 Classification
Fire emergency operating procedures technical classification corresponding to GB / T 29176 emergency rescue technology type "fire emergency General I" on, divided into hazardous chemical accident rescue operating procedures, machinery accident rescue operating procedures, construction (structure) Collapse rescue operation procedures, water rescue operation procedures, field rescue operation procedures, restricted space rescue operation procedures, and ditch rescue operation procedures.
5.2 Scope of application
5.2. 1 The correspondence between operational procedures and applicable disaster accident categories is shown in Table 1 .
5.2.2 Hazardous chemical accidents mainly include : fire accidents, explosion accidents, and leakage accidents. This standard mainly deals with fire emergency rescue operations for hazardous chemical spill accidents.
5.3 Personnel Requirements
Fire emergency rescue personnel must undergo professional training and pass appropriate assessments.
5.4 Procedures for Rescue Operation of Hazardous Chemicals
5.4.1 Reconnaissance Detection
Reconnaissance testing mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Personnel and vehicles should approach the scene of the accident from the upwind or upwind direction ;
b) Understand the types of accidents, and use various types of detection equipment to understand the types of leaked substances, leakage of material reserves, leakage sites, leakage speeds, and on-site wind speed, wind direction and other environmental conditions ;
c) understand the number, location and casualties of persons in distress ;
d) Understand the prior evacuation and rescue personnel, the disposal measures that have been taken, the internal fire-fighting facilities and their operations ;
e) Find out the number of personnel, topographical features, power sources, fire sources, and traffic conditions in the proposed alert area ;
f) Grasp the location of fire water sources, reserves and water supply methods at and around the site ;
g) Assess manpower, equipment and equipment and other resources required for on-site rescue operations.
5.4.2 Evacuation
Evacuation mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Analyze and assess the scope of spillage and the possible risk factors and consequences of explosive combustion ;
b) Precautionary alert or determination of vigilance range based on reconnaissance and detection conditions, classification of critically-risk areas, minor-risk areas, and safety areas, establishment of warning signs and out of population ;
c) Evacuation of leakage areas and non-rescue personnel within the scope of possible spread in accordance with actual conditions ;
d) dynamically monitor the situation on the spot and adjust the alert range in a timely manner ;
e) Provide for safe evacuation signals.
5.4.3 Security Protection
Security protection mainly includes the following procedures :
a) According to reconnaissance to detect, determine the security level for the critically into the area, rescue workers equipped with light and Danger Zone of respiratory protective equipment and chemical protective clothing and other personal protective equipment;
b) The safety officer checks the safety protection of the rescue personnel and makes a record.
5.4.4 Personnel search and rescue
Personnel search and rescue mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Assess site conditions, analyze possible risk factors in the rescue process, and determine rescue action plans ;
b) Search and rescue personnel carry equipment and equipment into search and rescue areas ;
c) Take correct rescue methods to evacuate and transfer persons in distress to safe areas ;
d) After rescue personnel are given necessary emergency assistance, they shall be transferred to the medical emergency department for rescue.
5.4.5 Exclusion of dangerous situations
Dangerous exclusion mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Technical support. Analyze the accident situation and provide technical support for the development of emergency rescue programs.
b) Forbid the source of fire. Cut off the strong and weak power supply in the accident area, extinguish the fire source, stop the high-heat equipment, implement anti-static measures, and use non-sparking tools .
c) On-site water supply. Determine the water supply plan, select reliable and efficient water supply vehicles and equipment, and adopt reasonable water supply methods and methods to ensure the fire fighting water consumption.
d) Dilution explosion. Enable fixed and semi-fixed fire-fighting facilities and mobile fire fighting equipment to disperse accumulated and flowing gases, dilute gas concentrations, and prevent the formation of explosive mixtures ; for liquid leaks, use foam covering methods to reduce the evaporation rate of leaking liquid-phase hazardous chemicals. Radon, gas cloud range ; cooling and suppression of high temperature and high pressure devices.
e) Closed valve plugging. Check the condition of the valve. If the valve is not damaged, assist the technician or the technician to close the valve and cut off the leakage source . According to the leakage of the tank, pipeline, valve, flange, etc., take the corresponding plugging method to implement the plugging.
f) Transfer to the inverted tank. Under the conditions of ensuring on-site safety, reasonable use of inert gas replacement, pressure differential pouring tanks and other means to transfer hazardous chemicals in the accident container ; the use of explosion-proof suction pumps, adsorption pads, etc. for the leakage of liquid on the water surface for adsorption, transmission, etc. Or disperse it with decomposition agent.
g) Actively ignite. When the leaking gas material is poisonous, or it easily accumulates to form an explosive gas mixture, which may result in poisoning or explosion of the personnel, under the condition of ensuring safety, it is possible to actively ignite the gas that has ignition conditions.
h) Decontamination treatment. The decontamination station shall be set up at the boundary between the dangerous area and the safe area to wash and dispose of the persons in distress ; after the operation is completed, the rescue personnel and equipment and equipment shall be decontaminated.
5.4.6 Site Cleaning
Onsite cleaning mainly includes the following procedures :
a) A small amount of liquid leakage can be absorbed and buried by sand, cement powder, coal ash, etc .; a large number of liquid leaks can be pumped by explosion-proof pumps or collected by non-sparking vessels and treated in a centralized manner ;
b) Clean the site with decomposer, steam or inert gas, especially in low-lying areas, sewers, ditches, etc. to ensure that no residue ( gas ) is left ;
c) Properly dispose of sewage and sewage to prevent secondary pollution ;
d) Re-examination of the accident site to confirm that the site is no longer in distress ;
e) Do a good job of registration statistics and verify the number of people rescued ;
f) count the rescue personnel, collect and arrange equipment and equipment ;
g) Withdraw the alert, do a good job of handing over, and evacuate safely.
5.5 Procedures for Rescue Operation of Mechanical Equipment
5.5. 1 Reconnaissance detection
Reconnaissance testing mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Understand the types of accidents, accident scenes and surrounding areas of roads, traffic, water sources, etc .;
b) understand the location, number and casualties of persons in distress ;
c) Understand the main characteristics of the accident machinery and equipment ;
d) Assess the manpower, equipment and equipment and other resources required for on-site rescue and disposal.
5.5.2 Alert Evacuation
Evacuation mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Determine the warning range according to the reconnaissance and detection conditions, delineate the warning zone, and set warning signs ;
b) Evacuate non-rescue personnel and prohibit irrelevant vehicles and personnel from entering the scene ;
c) Implement site management and implement traffic control as the case may be.
5.5.3 Security Protection
Security protection mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Take corresponding protective measures against the characteristics of the accident ;
b) rescue workers should wear personal protective equipment ;
c) The safety officer checks the safety protection of rescue workers and records them.
5.5.4 Personnel search and rescue and danger exclusion
Personnel search and rescue and danger exclusion mainly include the following procedures :
a) Analyze the situation at the scene, fully consider possible risk factors in the rescue process, and determine the rescue action plan ;
b) Use equipment such as demolition, lifting, top support, and traction, and adopt appropriate rescue methods to rescue the distressed personnel from the predicament ;
c) In case of fuel leakage caused by the accident, spray guns shall be used to cover or leak the area covered by the spray foam during the demolition , so as to prevent the explosion of oil vapor due to metal collisions or sparks generated during the demolition ;
d) After the person in distress is rescued, he will be sent to medical emergency personnel for rescue.
5.5.5 On-site cleaning
Onsite cleaning mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Make registration statistics and verify the number of people rescued ;
b) inventory rescue personnel, collect and organize equipment and equipment ;
c) Withdraw the alert, do a good job of handing over, and evacuation safely.
5.6 Procedures for the Collapse and Rescue Operation of Buildings ( Structures )
5.6.1 Reconnaissance Detection
Reconnaissance testing mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Understand the types of accidents, accident scenes and surrounding areas of roads, traffic, water sources, etc .;
b) understand the location, number and casualties of persons in distress ;
. ) Understand the structure, layout, area, height, number of layers, nature of use, construction time, and reasons for the collapse of collapsed buildings ;
d) Find out if there is any leakage of flammable gas pipelines, broken water supply pipelines, blackouts, etc .;
e) Judging the overall safety of the collapsed building structure through external observation and instrument testing, and if there is no danger of the collapsed part collapsing again ;
f) Assess the manpower, equipment and equipment and other resources required for on-site rescue and disposal.
5.6.2 Alert Evacuation
Evacuation mainly includes the following procedures :
a) determining a range based on the alert situation reconnaissance detection, warning designated area, warning signs provided.;
b) Evacuate non-rescue personnel and prohibit irrelevant vehicles and personnel from entering the scene ;
c) Implementation of on-site management and dynamic monitoring of site conditions ;
d) Provide a safe evacuation signal.
5.6.3 Security Protection
Security protection mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Take corresponding protective measures against the characteristics of the accident ;
b) rescue workers should wear personal protective equipment ;
c) The safety officer checks the safety protection of rescue workers and records them.
5.6.4 Personnel search and rescue and danger exclusion
Personnel search and rescue and danger exclusion mainly include the following procedures :
a) Analyze the situation at the scene, fully consider possible risk factors in the rescue process, and determine the rescue action plan ;
b) Clear obstacles quickly, open up channels, establish rescue platforms or forward positions ;
c) Assess the possibility of secondary collapse and adopt rescue air cushions, square timbers, angle steels, etc. for support protection ;
d) Further reconnaissance and detection to determine the specific location of the person in distress ;
e) Try to establish contact with the person in distress; if there is any breathing problem , ensure that the person in danger can breathe normally by means of air supply from the fan or lifting of the oxygen ( air ) bottle ;
f) Use excavation, breakage, lifting, lifting, top support and other methods for rescue. Under special circumstances, the construction machinery can be adjusted to the site to assist the rescue ;
g) marking the search and rescue area, dangerous building structures or danger points, and the location of persons in distress ;
h) persons in distress such as injury or can not act, can be hindquarters / limbs fixed balloon, emergency bandage dressings, etc., use multi-functional stretcher, carrying the wounded fixing plate to evacuate the injured. handed over to emergency medical personnel and ambulance.
5.6.5 Site Cleaning
Onsite cleaning mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Review the accident site and confirm that there are no people in distress at the site
b) Make registration statistics and verify the number of people rescued ;
c) Counting rescue workers, collecting and organizing equipment and equipment ;
d) Withdraw the alert, do a good job of handing over, and evacuation safely.
5.7 Waters Rescue Operation Procedures
5.7. 1 Reconnaissance detection
Reconnaissance testing mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Understand the type of accident, the scene of the accident and the surrounding roads, traffic, etc .;
b) Understand the situation of drowning or trapped persons, including : drowning or time, place, number of people, etc .;
c) Understand the water temperature, depth, water surface width, direction of water flow, flow rate, turbidity of water quality, surface watercraft, etc .;
d) Understand shore terrain, landforms, buildings, etc .;
e) understand the effective ways and means to go to drowning sites and islands ;
f) Assess the manpower, equipment and equipment and other resources required for on-site rescue and disposal.
5.7.2 evacuation
Evacuation mainly includes the following procedures :
a) Determine the warning range according to the reconnaissance and detection conditions, delineate th
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