In a recent report from the Physicist Organization Network on September 5, scientists at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered a remarkable species of green algae capable of capturing and absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis. This organism can produce ethanol, hydrogen, n-butanol, isobutanol, and even biodiesel—making it a top contender in the race to combat climate change while supporting sustainable energy solutions. The findings were recently published in the journal *Marine Drugs*.
One of the key players in this research is *Synechocystis* 6803, a single-celled cyanobacterium known for its versatility. It performs oxygenic photosynthesis and has a natural system for DNA transformation. Since its discovery in 1968, this tiny organism has been widely studied due to its potential. It can capture CO2 and convert it into valuable chemicals, acting as a natural carbon sink. Additionally, genetically modified versions of *Synechocystis* 6803 could be used to produce pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.
Dr. Zhang Fudong, an assistant professor in energy, environmental, and chemical engineering at Washington University, focuses on *Synechocystis* 6803 and other microorganisms. His work in synthetic biology, protein engineering, and metabolic engineering aims to develop synthetic control systems that unlock the full potential of these organisms. He emphasizes that the biotech industry must overcome challenges to bring genetically modified microbes from the lab to real-world applications. The ultimate goal is to turn microorganisms into tiny factories that produce useful chemicals sustainably.
Through advanced biosynthetic design, genetically modified bacteria can fix CO2 and convert it into fuels and other compounds. Unlike traditional chemical processes, which require high pressure, heat, and toxic solvents, microbial methods are far more eco-friendly. Once engineered, cyanobacteria only need water, alkaline salts, and CO2 to grow. However, the study highlights the need for new genetic tools to improve the biochemical efficiency of *Synechocystis*, making the technology economically viable.
Despite the promise, current production rates remain low—less than 1 gram per liter. In contrast, conventional chemical processes can achieve up to 100 grams per liter. Dr. Zhang notes that optimizing the organism’s circadian rhythm—allowing it to produce biofuels or chemicals continuously throughout the day—is essential. Natural *Synechocystis* 6803 stores energy during the day via photosynthesis and uses it at night through a different metabolic pathway.
The study introduces new tools for gene expression, chemical synthesis pathways, and day-night regulation in cyanobacteria. Dr. Zhang is optimistic about the future: “I believe within two or three years, we will have more powerful tools to precisely control gene expression timing, accelerating the development of this technology.†(Hua Ling)
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