The heading stage of rice is a critical period for grain filling and seed formation. It includes the processes of heading flowering and grain filling, which are essential for determining grain size and weight. During this time, it's important to apply foliar fertilizers, manage irrigation properly, control pests like rice locusts, and ensure that the stalks remain healthy until maturity. Preventing lodging is also a major focus during this phase.
Here are some specific measures:
1. **Wet Irrigation**: The flowering stage is highly sensitive to water, so it’s crucial not to let the plants dry out. During the grain-filling period, more water is needed, but long-term deep watering should be avoided as it can speed up the aging of leaves and roots. A wet-and-dry irrigation method should be used to maintain a balance between soil moisture and air, ensuring root and leaf vitality, improving seed setting rate, and increasing grain weight. Typically, irrigation should be stopped about 7 days before harvesting to prepare for the harvest.
2. **Foliar Fertilization**: Spraying foliar fertilizer helps strengthen the grains and improve their maturity and fullness. Instead of using long-acting nitrogen fertilizers like urea, it's better to spray yellowing leaves with appropriate nutrients. For example, spraying 2.5 to 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per hectare mixed with 400 kg of water has shown good results during the flowering stage. Alternatively, biological potassium, Jinmanli, Huimanfeng, and plant growth regulators can be used. These not only help increase yield and produce stronger seeds, but also extend root activity, maintain live stalks, prevent lodging, and improve overall quality.
3. **Pest and Disease Control**: Diseases such as rice blast, red stripe, and leaf spot should be prevented early. Applying double-effect micro-fertilizer at a dilution of 800 times and reapplying within 6 hours can effectively prevent these diseases and increase rice yield by approximately 15%. It's also important to control rice locusts along the field edges to protect functional leaves, which helps boost production, income, and quality.
4. **Weed Management**: Weeds such as floating moss, grass, and other unwanted plants should be controlled. Removing weeds from the field, ridges, and ditches helps avoid blocking sunlight and affecting water temperature. This also reduces the presence of weeds in the next season and minimizes the spread of pests and diseases.
5. **Preventing Lodging**: Poor fertilization, excessive use of nitrogen, overgrowth in the early stages, dehydration, swollen stems, improper irrigation, and weather conditions like wind and rain can all contribute to lodging. To prevent this, it's important to improve fertilization practices, choose high-quality varieties, thin out plants, use shallow irrigation, and allow fields to dry out periodically to enhance overall management.
Author: Fu Shubin
Source: Farmers Daily
This article provides practical guidance for farmers to optimize rice production during the heading stage, focusing on both crop health and yield improvement. By following these steps, farmers can significantly enhance their rice yields while maintaining the quality of the grain.
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