Feeding meat ducks typically accounts for about 82% of the total cost involved in raising them. Therefore, reducing feed expenses is a crucial strategy for lowering overall production costs and improving profitability. In this article, we will explore several effective methods to optimize feed usage in meat duck farming.
Choosing high-quality breeding stock is essential. Superior duck breeds have higher genetic potential, faster growth rates, stronger disease resistance, and better feed conversion efficiency. When given the same amount of feed, these ducks gain more weight compared to lower-quality breeds, leading to faster growth and improved economic returns.
Maintaining an appropriate ambient temperature is also vital. Meat ducks grow best in temperatures between 12°C and 24°C, where they can efficiently utilize their feed. During hot or cold weather, farmers should implement measures such as shading in summer and heating in winter to maintain optimal conditions and improve feed efficiency.
Balancing the diet is another important factor. Since poultry eat according to energy needs, the energy-to-protein ratio in the feed must be well-managed. If the energy level is too low, ducks may consume more feed than necessary, leading to wasted nutrients. On the other hand, if the protein level is too high, it can result in unnecessary costs and reduced performance.
Ensuring that feed is fresh and stored properly is equally important. Fresh raw materials and careful formulation are key. Once prepared, feed should be kept in a dry, cool, and dark place to prevent fat oxidation and the degradation of vitamins A and E. It’s also advisable to place moisture-proof material between the feed and the ground to avoid mold and spoilage. Moldy feed can cause poisoning and reduce the ducks’ ability to absorb nutrients.
Timely slaughter is another consideration. Meat ducks are typically ready for market between 40 to 48 days of age, as this is when their growth rate and feed conversion are at their peak. After 50 days, their growth slows down, and feed efficiency declines.
The use of feed additives can also enhance performance. Essential nutrients like minerals, vitamins, and amino acids are necessary, while non-nutritive additives such as probiotics, enzymes, organic acids, and peptides can further improve growth and feed utilization.
Finally, the form and feeding method of the feed matter. Whole grains should be crushed before feeding, and the particle size of complete feed should be adjusted based on the ducks' age but not too fine, as this can lead to waste. Feed should be added gradually rather than in large amounts at once. The design and height of the feeding troughs should also be appropriate, with regular maintenance to prevent leakage and loss.
By implementing these practices, farmers can significantly improve feed efficiency, reduce costs, and achieve better results in meat duck production.
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